Lula has little to show for his Tehran adventure
ALTHOUGH Brazil has been a member of the UN Security Council on ten separate occasions since 1946, it had never before voted against a resolution backed by a majority of the council’s members. But on June 9th Brazil and Turkey both opposed further sanctions against Iran. In doing so it was out of step not just with its old allies, the United States and the European powers, but also with its new ones, Russia and China, all of which are worried by Iran’s nuclear programme. Why has the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva stuck its neck out so far for Iran?
The short answer is that Lula, a former trade-union leader, fancies himself as the man who can talk Iran into obeying the world’s nuclear rules, and thinks sanctions will bring that effort to nought. Last month he flew to Tehran for talks with Iran’s president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, and Turkey’s prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The three countries signed an agreement under which Iran would send to Turkey 1,200kg of its low-enriched (under 5%) uranium stocks; in return it would receive within a year more highly enriched (to 20%) fuel rods for its ageing medical-research reactor. Iran’s leaders also agreed to tell the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in writing of this plan. “We thought this was a gesture by them, a first demonstration of trust,” says Marco Aurélio Garcia, Lula’s foreign-policy adviser.
But to American and European officials, some of whom have negotiated with Iran for years, it looked as if Lula and his advisers had naively walked into Mr Ahmadinejad’s time-wasting trap. The terms of the deal were superficially similar to one reached under IAEA auspices last October (which Iran walked away from). But now Iran has nearly twice as much low-enriched uranium. And whereas the October deal would have robbed Iran of the excuse to enrich to 20% itself (a lot closer to the 90% needed for a bomb), it has since rushed to do just that. No sooner had Lula left Tehran than Iran’s nuclear chief said that enrichment to both the lower and the higher levels would continue. So America pushed forward with sanctions.
